Structure, properties and classification of amino acids

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Some key-words are:
Proteins
What is the structure ?
What is the role of Proteins?

1. The function of a protein is intrinsically dependent on its structure.
2. Since its structure is maintained by combinations of chemical interactions which are individually weak and flexible, the environment in which a protein finds itself can affect its structure.
3. Heat and pH affect protein structure.
4. The cell uses factors such as phosphorylation or ligand-binding to affect the structure, and therefore the function, of many proteins

Amino Acid

1. The first discovered Amino Acid was asparagine, in 1806.
2. The last, threonine, 1938.
3. All the amino acids have trivial or common names, in some cases derived from the source from which they were first isolated.
4. Asparagine was first found in asparagus,
5. Glutamate in wheat gluten;
6. Tyrosine was first isolated from cheese (its name is derived from the Greek tyros, “cheese”); and glycine (Greek glykos, “sweet”) was so named because of its sweet taste.

Essential Amino acids: They are not synthesized by the body and must be supplied from the diet. These are; Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Arginine*, and Histidine*
PVTtim H*A*LL (private team  hall)
*Semi essential amino acid
Rest of the materials are found in pdf file. Please, wait in case of slow internet.

Lipid Structures

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Some structures of lipid. Forget about exact geometric isomerism and stereocenter.

Simple Lipids

Prostaglandin

How Does Bovine Serum Albumin Protein Look Like?

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If you are a biologist, serum albumin protein is very common to us. It is one of the abundant proteins in our body as well as the component of egg. Here are the some pictures of the bovine serum albumin that I have drawn using a software and x-ray crystallographic data deposited in protein data bank (3V03).

Ribbon structure of bovine serum albumin in black background

Ribbon structure of bovine serum albumin in black background side view

Ribbon structure of bovine serum albumin (3V03) in white background front view

Ribbon structure of bovine serum albumin in white background side view

Ribbon structure of bovine serum albumin (3V03) in white background left view

Lumbini, Nepal, The Birth Place of Buddha (Siddhartha Gautam)

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2,500 ago, the powerful and influencing Nepal had given birth to Lord Buddha (623 BC) who lead the pathway of peace and civilization for humankind. Currently, this place is located in the Rupandehi district. But in modern days, Nepal ???........  Again, Nepal should be a leading country to the destination for peace and tranquillity.

Use light to show pathway for peace

Origin of peace

Art and peaceful life

Elysium in the mortal world

After following Budhha, Asoka became more happier and greater than as a Emperor

Please, stop violence, share love and knowledge, save the Earth

 Reference: World Heritage List

Nonage Memory Refreshing Migratory Birds

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Recalling my foggy memory of more than 17 years ago, my father used to declare the beginning and the ending of the season after observing the sky. I would have wondered, how he could prevised to do or don’t about agricultural work for neighbors, and astonished upon his forecast of rain on the blue sky.

Migratory birds seeking destination

Then, very high in the sky, I noticed inexplicit semi-circle patterns created by the flocks of migratory birds (at that time I didn’t know the term and concept of migratory bird, instead used to say “Maal Chara”). I didn’t know, where were they coming from and going to? But had noticed they were visible only at beginning and ending of seasons (rainy, summer, and winter), might be due to migration from both Northern part (Russia) and Southern part (Australia). Although very small area of swamp, wetland, and fen is available nearby my house, I have never seen alighting of these flocks of immigrant birds and neither tried to retrieve their alighting area. So, I couldn’t figure out which species they were and probably never because these swamp area are now converted to the private ponds for fisheries.

Migratory Birds

After a long time (near about to delete from memory), I could see them again but in different place to my house. The abstraction is the flight in lower height and could be clicked but not enough to recognize; early in the morning in those days vs. in the evening; number reduced by approx. four times. Really are they reduced? Due to global warming? Human occupy their habitat? I am unable to compare with the same condition and with the same place as nostalgia.

Endangered bird

My personal clarions to save these guests by maintaining swamp area and not poaching. So that, not only we could declare about seasons but also to patch up tourism in Nepal.

Make Typing Easy

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By Bishnu Marasini

Sometimes we become irritated and tired when repeatedly typing some lengthy and/or bummer words (For example, we have to type, to get e.g.,) and symbols. Such case happens particularly during thesis, book, etc. writing. Scientific and mathematical symbols writing and their expression is more boring for some people (at least like me who hate typing comparing the other activities in front of computer). Although we might not have noticed, MS office has built facility to overcome this irritation. Just type eg (and space) to get e.g., just type temp (and space) to get temperature. 

1. Click on MS office icon on the upper left corner.
2. Click on word option. 

3. Click/select on proofing
4. Select AutoCorrect Option
5. Select the AutoCorrect Tab
6. (6A) Type the unique shortest form of the word for the desired word in left side and (6B) the desired (correct spelling) on the right side as shown in the figure.


7. Click Replace to store on the database (on MS Word DLL) 
8. Then OK.
9. To insert frequently used symbol (like °C,α, β, etc.) select Math AutoCorrect tab.
10. Don't forget to check on “Use Math AutoCorrect rules outside the math regions".
11. Do/type again as described in 6 and as shown in the figure to get the desired result.

It will be only waste of time if this trick is done in those places (like cyber cafe) where OS is formatted in every week or month.

Download for Desktop Background

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You can download (Use as Desktop Background) and the image was taken fron Godawari Botanical Garden.

My Interest in Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli from Urine Sample

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The greenish shining colony in M-endo Agar distinguish E. coli from other Coliforms that help to separate E. coli from other bacteria present in stool and urine sample. Also, this method and media can be used to check contamination after antibacterial assay of E. coli. This method saved my time to identify by various sub-culture test.

Isolation and Identification of Salmonella spp. from Clinical/Food Sample

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               The red colonies with black centers and media turn red (phenol red as indicator) in Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar media distinguish Salmonella spp. from other coliforms that help to separate from other bacteria present in clinical blood/stool and food sample. Also, this method and media can be used to check contamination after antibacterial assay of Salmonella spp.

               Salmonellae can metabolize thiosulfate and produce hydrogen sulfide, hence black centers seen in colony but Shigellae can't and remains pink colony. Other coliforms are seen as yellow/orange colonies.
                Thus I separated Salmonella spp. very quickly from rest of the organisms.